Which of the following is a fundamental component of construction documents that specifies how elements of the project should be constructed?

Specifications are indeed a fundamental component of construction documents that provide detailed information on how various elements of a project should be constructed. They serve as the written instructions that outline materials, workmanship, quality standards, and methods to be followed during the construction process. Specifications help to ensure that the project is built according to the design intent and that all parties involved have a clear understanding of the requirements.

In contrast, graphic plans primarily depict the layout and spatial relationships of the project rather than detailing construction methods. General Conditions typically outline the rights, responsibilities, and relationships between the parties involved in the construction process but do not delve into the specifics of construction techniques. Contracts establish the legal framework governing the project and define the terms of engagement but do not provide the granular details needed for actual construction. Hence, specifications are essential for guiding the execution of the construction work effectively and in accordance with the project's design intentions.